Study plans

VLSI guides & deep dives

Original, diagram-rich explainers on the concepts that decide interviews — written by engineers, for engineers.

UVM Testbench Architecture: A Complete Walkthrough

How a UVM testbench is built end to end — test, environment, agent, sequencer, driver, monitor, scoreboard and coverage — with a diagram, code and the questions interviewers ask.

Read guide

Physical Design + STA8 min

Setup and Hold Time in STA, Explained

A clear, diagram-first explanation of setup and hold checks in static timing analysis — the equations, why setup is a frequency problem and hold is a real bug, and how each is fixed.

Read guide

RTL Design8 min

Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) and Metastability

Why signals crossing clock domains go metastable, how the two-flop synchronizer works, and when you must use gray codes, handshakes or async FIFOs instead — with a diagram and RTL.

Read guide